The Science of Water Pressure: What You Need to Know

Anthony Galizia • August 15, 2024

Water pressure is one of the many aspects of your Wheeling, IL, home that demonstrate the everyday application of science. While you may notice when water pressure isn’t what it should be, it serves a bigger purpose than merely your experience. Use this guide to understand water pressure, why it’s important, how it’s measured, problems that may affect it, and tips for maintaining optimal pressure in your home.

What Is Water Pressure?

Simply put, water pressure is the pressure in your home’s plumbing system. The measure of water pressure is pounds per square inch, or PSI. The reason you source water immediately when you turn on a faucet or flush a toilet is because the system maintains constant pressure up to the point of service. 

Why Water Pressure Is Important in Modern Plumbing

The first thing most people consider when asked about water pressure is the force with which it flows from faucets or showers. Without enough water pressure, it can take longer to draw water, making it more challenging to accomplish what you need to do.


However, water pressure serves another important role in your home, which is keeping the water quality at a safe level. While water may generally appear clean, it is not sterile and may contain a variety of contaminants, including bacteria. Maintaining a minimum pressure in your system helps reduce the risk of these bacteria growing and becoming problematic. This is why, when a public utility loses water pressure, they issue a boil water advisory. According to the Centers for Disease Control, some of the bacteria that are commonly found in water systems that could cause health problems include nontuberculous mycobacteria, legionella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Naegleria fowleri, and Acanthamoeba. These can cause a variety of issues, including lung, blood, and even brain infections.

How’s It Measured?

An inline gauge that’s installed as early in your system as possible is the best way to measure your system’s pressure. When you measure water pressure, you generally want to measure what’s coming into your home and feeding all of the appliances. This is why you should install the gauge before your water heater or water softener, if you have one.


You can also install a few more gauges throughout your home if you feel like you’re having issues in certain areas. This is especially helpful if you have a multi-level home, as water pressure will naturally be lower at higher levels due to the effect of gravity.


When measuring your water pressure, ensure there aren’t any appliances drawing water, including toilets, your water heater, or water softener. The pressure is properly measured in a static system, which will then help you determine if there are any leaks or other issues.


Ideal Household Water Pressure

In most settings, the ideal water pressure range is between 45 and 80 PSI. Anything below 40 PSI is considered low, and anything over 80 PSI is too high and could damage your plumbing. Most residential codes stipulate a minimum of 20 PSI, which according to the CDC is the minimum pressure to prevent bacterial growth. 

What May Affect Your Home’s Water Pressure?

There is a long list of factors that can affect your home’s water pressure, and not just factors inside your home. First, consider where in your home or where in the building you’re located. Water has to fight gravity, so spaces that are higher will experience naturally lower water pressure. If your home is at the top of a hill, you may have lower pressure than those lower down.


There’s also the variable of when you’re using water. The more people who use water from the same source, the lower the water pressure will be for everyone. Also, consider the size of the pipes supplying water. Homes with smaller pipes will usually have lower pressure than those with properly sized, larger pipes.

Common Types of Water Pressure Problems

Problems with your water pressure aren’t always really clear-cut. Rather, you may have a variety of problems that could produce either low-pressure or high-pressure.

Low Pressure

Low pressure is usually more noticeable than high pressure, at least initially. We’ve already discussed some environmental causes of lower pressure, but there are also correctable issues you may encounter, starting with the obvious leaks, whether you can see them or not. 


Beyond leaks, the next most common issue causing low pressure is buildup somewhere in the system. This often relates to mineral deposits and can be found within pipes themselves, but also at the point of service, especially if you have an aerator installed. Similarly, you could have an issue with a water valve, whether it’s clogged or it simply got partially closed somehow. A professional plumber can quickly help you identify the issue with the special testing methods they use.

High Pressure

High pressure is not as common of a problem but is one that can lead to more substantial damage. An over-pressurized system can stress your home’s pipes and ruin some appliances. High pressure is sometimes caused by a faulty pump, if you have a well. For those on municipal water, high pressure can be caused by increased pipe pressure as the area grows. Most of the lasting overpressure issues come from a faulty pressure regulator, which reduces the pressure from the main so that it’s compatible with your home’s plumbing.

Tips for Maintaining Optimal Water Pressure

Fortunately, you don’t have to wait until there’s a major problem to find out if you have a pressure problem. There are two key things you can do on a routine basis that will help ensure your home’s plumbing maintains the right pressure.

Monitor Your Pressure Regularly

One of the best ways to stay ahead of major problems is to check your water’s pressure regularly. Work with your plumber to determine the best place to install the gauge where you can easily check it. Plan for a check once a month when there’s nothing drawing water from the system. If you notice a significant drop in pressure or a steady decline, you may want to have your system inspected. Further, if you notice that pressure isn’t what you’re used to at an appliance, start by checking your pressure gauge. 

Regular Inspections

Beyond calling for an inspection when you notice trouble, plan to have your plumbing system inspected every two years. This will include a visual inspection looking for signs of corrosion or leaks and usually includes your appliances, sewers, drain lines, and supply lines. It should also include a pressure test on your supply lines that will help identify even small leaks. 


Over the last 16 years, property owners around Wheeling have turned to Fly Plumbing & HVAC to keep their homes comfortable and safe. Our experienced team provides a wide range of plumbing services, including water heaters, sewer repair, drain cleaning, frozen pipe solutions, sump pumps, toilet installation and repair, and plumbing emergencies, along with HVAC installation, maintenance and repair, duct cleaning, and indoor air quality solutions. Call to schedule a service call with one of our professional plumbers to get to the bottom of your water pressure issues.

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By Donny Wells November 1, 2024
Winter brings the beauty of snow and the warmth of cozy nights by the fire, but it also comes with the risk of frozen pipes. At Fly Plumbing, we know that dealing with frozen pipes can be a nightmare for homeowners. If you find yourself in this situation, understanding how to repair frozen pipes quickly and effectively can save you from further damage and costly repairs. In this blog post, we’ll cover everything you need to know about frozen pipe repair, including how to identify the issue, DIY methods, and when to call in the professionals. Understanding Frozen Pipes Frozen pipes occur when the water inside them freezes due to extremely low temperatures. As the water freezes, it expands, creating pressure within the pipe. If the pressure becomes too great, the pipe can crack or burst, leading to leaks once the ice thaws. Typically, pipes located in unheated areas, such as basements, attics, and exterior walls, are most susceptible to freezing. Signs of Frozen Pipes Recognizing the signs of frozen pipes early can prevent a plumbing disaster: No Water Flow: If you turn on a faucet and nothing comes out, the pipe may be frozen. Frost or Ice on Pipes: Visible frost or ice on the exterior of the pipe indicates freezing. Unusual Sounds: You may hear strange sounds, like gurgling or banging, in your plumbing system as water tries to flow through a frozen pipe. Cold Spots: If you notice that certain areas of your home are significantly colder, this may point to frozen pipes in those locations. Steps for Repairing Frozen Pipes If you suspect that you have frozen pipes, follow these steps to address the issue safely and effectively. 1. Locate the Frozen Pipe The first step is to identify where the frozen pipe is located. Check for the signs mentioned earlier and inspect areas that are prone to freezing. Common areas include: Basements and crawl spaces Exterior walls Unheated attics Near windows and doors 2. Shut Off the Water Supply Before attempting any repairs, shut off the water supply to the affected area. This will prevent flooding in case the pipe bursts during the thawing process. Locate the main shut-off valve and turn it off, and then open faucets to relieve any remaining pressure in the system. 3. Apply Heat to the Frozen Pipe There are several methods to thaw a frozen pipe: Hair Dryer: Use a hair dryer on a low setting to apply heat directly to the frozen section of the pipe. Move it back and forth along the pipe to distribute the heat evenly. Heating Pads: Wrap heating pads around the frozen pipe, making sure to check frequently to avoid overheating the pipe. Space Heater: If the pipe is in an enclosed area, such as a cabinet, placing a space heater nearby can help raise the temperature in the space. Always monitor the heater to ensure safety. Important: Never use an open flame, such as a blowtorch or lighter, to thaw a pipe. This can cause the pipe to crack and result in a fire hazard. 4. Keep the Faucet Open As you apply heat to the frozen pipe, keep the faucet open. This allows water to flow through once the ice begins to melt. You may hear a gurgling sound as the water starts to move. This is a good sign that the pipe is thawing. 5. Inspect for Damage Once the pipe has thawed and water begins to flow, check for any leaks or cracks in the pipe. Look closely at the areas that were frozen. If you see any signs of damage, it’s crucial to address it immediately to prevent further issues. Temporary Repairs for Damaged Pipes If you discover that the pipe has burst or has cracks, here are some temporary repair methods until you can get professional help: Pipe Clamps or Rubber Sleeves: For small cracks, you can use pipe clamps or wrap the damaged area with a piece of rubber and secure it with duct tape. This can provide a temporary seal until a permanent repair can be made. Epoxy Putty: This can be applied to small cracks to stop leaks temporarily. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application and curing time. When to Call a Professional While some homeowners may feel comfortable handling minor frozen pipe repairs themselves, there are situations where it’s best to call a professional plumber: Multiple Frozen Pipes: If several pipes are frozen, this could indicate a larger issue with your plumbing system. Significant Damage: If you see substantial cracks or evidence of water damage, it’s essential to have a professional assess the situation. Inaccessible Pipes: If the frozen pipe is located in a difficult-to-reach area or behind walls, a professional plumber has the tools and expertise to handle the repair safely. Preventing Future Frozen Pipes After you’ve dealt with the immediate issue, it’s wise to take steps to prevent frozen pipes in the future: Insulate Pipes: Use foam insulation sleeves for pipes in unheated areas. Seal Gaps: Seal any gaps around windows, doors, and where pipes enter your home to keep cold air out. Keep Heat On: Maintain a consistent temperature in your home, especially during extreme cold spells. Let Faucets Drip: Allowing a small trickle of water to run through faucets can prevent freezing during severe cold. Conclusion Dealing with frozen pipes can be stressful, but knowing how to handle the situation can make all the difference. At Fly Plumbing, we’re here to help you navigate frozen pipe repairs and ensure your plumbing system remains in good working order. If you have any concerns about frozen pipes or need professional assistance, don’t hesitate to reach out. Stay warm and safe this winter!
By Donny Wells October 24, 2024
As winter approaches in Chicagoland, the risk of frozen pipes becomes a serious concern for homeowners. At Fly Plumbing, we understand the impact that frozen pipes can have—burst pipes can lead to costly repairs and extensive water damage. To help you protect your home, we’ve compiled essential tips on how to prevent your pipes from freezing this winter. Understanding Frozen Pipes Before diving into prevention, it’s important to understand why pipes freeze. Water expands when it freezes, and this expansion can create tremendous pressure within pipes. When the pressure exceeds what the pipe can handle, it can crack or burst, resulting in leaks once the ice melts. Typically, pipes that are most susceptible to freezing are those located in unheated interior spaces, such as basements, attics, and garages, as well as outdoor faucets. Key Prevention Strategies 1. Insulate Pipes One of the most effective ways to prevent frozen pipes is to insulate them. Here’s how: - Identify Vulnerable Pipes: Look for pipes located in unheated areas, such as crawl spaces or exterior walls. - Use Pipe Insulation: Foam pipe insulation sleeves or wrapping can significantly reduce the risk of freezing. Make sure to cover all exposed pipes thoroughly. - Seal Gaps: Check for gaps around windows, doors, and where pipes enter the home. Use caulk or spray foam to seal these areas, minimizing cold air infiltration. 2. Keep the Heat On Maintaining a consistent temperature throughout your home is crucial during winter months. Here are some tips: - Set a Minimum Temperature: If you plan to be away from home, set the thermostat to at least 55°F (13°C). This will help keep pipes warm. - Open Cabinet Doors: For sinks located on exterior walls, open cabinet doors to allow warmer air to circulate around the pipes, especially during extreme cold spells. - Let Faucets Drip: Allowing a small trickle of water to flow through faucets can help prevent freezing. Moving water is less likely to freeze, so even a steady drip can make a difference. 3. Seal Cracks and Openings Cold air can sneak into your home through small openings, leading to potential freezing: - Inspect Your Home: Look for cracks and openings around your home’s foundation, walls, and roof. Use weatherstripping, caulk, or insulation to seal any gaps you find. - Address Chimney and Ventilation Issues: Ensure that any chimney or ventilation openings are properly sealed to prevent cold drafts. 4. Protect Outdoor Faucets Outdoor faucets are particularly vulnerable to freezing: - Disconnect Hoses: Before winter, disconnect and drain any hoses attached to outdoor faucets. - Install Insulated Covers: Use insulated faucet covers to protect outdoor faucets from freezing temperatures. - Shut Off Water Supply: If possible, shut off the water supply to outdoor faucets and drain any remaining water to prevent freezing. 5. Maintain Your Heating System A well-maintained heating system is key to preventing frozen pipes: - Schedule Regular Maintenance: Have your heating system serviced before the winter season. This ensures it runs efficiently and keeps your home warm. - Use Space Heaters Wisely: If you’re using space heaters, make sure they’re safely placed away from flammable materials and monitored regularly. Additional Tips for Extreme Cold During particularly cold spells, it’s important to take extra precautions: - Monitor Weather Reports: Stay informed about cold weather alerts and adjust your home’s heating accordingly. - Leave Interior Doors Open: Keep interior doors open to promote heat circulation throughout your home. - Drain Sprinkler Systems: If you have an irrigation system, make sure to drain it properly before winter to prevent freezing. What to Do If Pipes Freeze Even with the best precautions, sometimes pipes may still freeze. Here’s how to handle that situation: 1. Identify the Frozen Pipe: Look for areas of your plumbing that are not getting water or are visibly frozen. 2. Apply Heat: Use a hairdryer, heat lamp, or space heater to gently thaw the frozen section. Avoid using open flames, as they can damage pipes or cause a fire. 3. Keep the Faucet Open: As you apply heat, keep the faucet open. This allows the water to flow once the ice begins to melt. 4. Call a Professional: If you’re unable to locate the frozen pipe or if it bursts, contact a professional plumber immediately to assess and repair any damage. Conclusion Preventing frozen pipes requires a proactive approach, especially as winter sets in. By following these tips, you can protect your plumbing system and avoid the costly repairs that come with burst pipes. At Fly Plumbing, we’re dedicated to helping you maintain your home and ensure your plumbing runs smoothly all winter long. If you have any questions or need professional assistance, don’t hesitate to reach out! Stay warm and safe this winter!
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